A 2,000-word news article lands in your feed. You need 120 words that capture it. You can either pick the three most important sentences from the article (extractive) or rewrite the content in your own words (abstractive). Both are called summarization. They are completely different problems.
Extractive summarization is a ranking problem. Score every sentence, return the top-k. The output is always grammatical because it is lifted verbatim. The risk is missing content that is distributed across the article.
Abstractive summarization is a generation problem. A transformer produces new text conditioned on the input. The output is fluent and compressive but may hallucinate facts that were not in the source. The risk is confident fabrication.
This lesson builds both, with the failure mode each one owns.
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