AI Engineering/Phase 14/Lesson 13

LangGraph: Stateful Graphs and Durable Execution

LangGraph is the 2026 reference for low-level stateful orchestration. Agent is a state machine; nodes are functions; edges are transitions; state is immutable and checkpointed after every step. Resume from any failure exactly where it left off.

Learn + Build 1.3 hr Python (stdlib)

Prerequisites: Phase 14 · 01 (Agent Loop), Phase 14 · 12 (Workflow Patterns)

#Learning Objectives

Describe LangGraph's core model: state machine with immutable state, function nodes, conditional edges, and post-step checkpoints.
Name the four capabilities the docs highlight: durable execution, streaming, human-in-the-loop, comprehensive memory.
Explain the three orchestration topologies LangGraph supports: supervisor, peer-to-peer (swarm), hierarchical (nested subgraphs).
Implement a stdlib state graph with immutable state, conditional edges, and a checkpoint/resume cycle.

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The text and code of this lesson are based on AI Engineering from Scratch by Rohit Ghumare, MIT licensed.