AI Engineering/Phase 14/Lesson 28

Orchestration Patterns: Supervisor, Swarm, Hierarchical

Four orchestration patterns recur across 2026 frameworks: supervisor-worker, swarm / peer-to-peer, hierarchical, debate. Anthropic's guidance: "It's about building the right system for your needs." Start simple; add topology only when a single agent plus five workflow patterns is insufficient.

Learn + Build 1 hr Python (stdlib)

Prerequisites: Phase 14 · 12 (Workflow Patterns), Phase 14 · 25 (Multi-Agent Debate)

#Learning Objectives

Name the four recurring orchestration patterns and when each fits.
Describe the 2026 LangChain recommendation: tool-call-based supervision vs supervisor libraries.
Explain Anthropic's "build the right system" rule and how it gates topology choice.
Implement all four in stdlib against a common scripted LLM.

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The text and code of this lesson are based on AI Engineering from Scratch by Rohit Ghumare, MIT licensed.